Effect of aluminum hydroxide as vaccine adjuvant in Nile tilapia

A successful vaccine formulation's vital goal is to induce persistent CD4+ T-cells expressing variated inflammatory cytokines linked to protective immune responses without producing severe side effects. Adjuvants have been proved to be successful in several species at inducing increased immune responses against poorly immunogenic antigens. In this study, for 60 days, we will characterize the apparent damage and determine the activating immune mechanisms in Nile tilapia immunized by intraperitoneal injection with the model antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. The sedation with clove oil and peritoneal injection of the experimental vaccine included in the trial is likely to cause moderate distress to the animals. Following these procedures, we expect to provide detailed information supporting the inclusion of aluminum in Nile tilapia vaccines as an effective and safe adjuvant. 114 adult Nile tilapias raised in Nord University facilities will be subjected to screening. Unfortunately, the present procedure does not accept the replacement of live animals. However, the essential tradeoff sample was determined with a power analysis aid to limit the provision to the minimum statistically representative number. No further animals would be required, and the presently requested 114 fish will be utilized extensively to collect all the required biological material. The results obtained are expected to be widely beneficial to fish vaccines for which induction of TH1 immunity is essential, including those affecting the Nile tilapia namely streptococcus or TiLV.